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Bachman's sparrow ''(Peucaea aestivalis)'', is a small American sparrow that is endemic to the southeastern United States. This species was named in honor of Reverend John Bachman. Adults have rufous brown upperparts and crown with gray and black streaking on the nape, back and primaries. The face is gray with a rufous brown eyestripe. It has a buff colored breast and whitish belly. These are mid-sized New World sparrows, measuring and weighing .〔''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses'', John B. Dunning Jr. (ed.). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0849342585.〕 Their breeding habitat is open pine forests. The domed nest is usually built on the ground near a clump of grass or a bush. Females lay three to five eggs. Bachman's sparrow is primarily a non-migratory resident, but it may retreat from some of the most northerly territories. The species is mainly a granivore, but it will also take some insects. This bird is considered near threatened by the IUCN, with habitat loss one of the major factors often cited in its decline. Habitat degradation due to later stages of forest succession has also been attributed to the decline of this species. Prescribed forest burns may assist in recovery. The song begins as a clear whistle, followed by a short trill. ==Distribution== Bachman's sparrows occur primarily in the southeastern United States from the central region of peninsular Florida north to limited areas of extreme southern Virginia and west through portions of Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas.〔〔 Bachman's sparrows may rarely occur in more northerly areas that were part of their historic breeding range, including most of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia and parts of Pennsylvania and Maryland.〔〔〔 Among the three subspecies of Bachman's sparrow, ''Peucaea aestivalis aestivalis'' breeds furthest east, from southeast South Carolina to peninsular Florida. ''Peucaea a. bachmanii'' occurs west of ''P. a. aestivalis'' to Mississippi and north to Kentucky. ''P. a. illinoensis'' occurs in the westernmost region of the species' range.〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bachman's sparrow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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